JOFDL publishes articles from around the world relating to primary research investigations, literature reviews, the application of open education innovations, and the experiences of teaching at a distance in any sector of education or training. Theoretical and empirically based research articles as well as case studies of practice and book reviews are invited for submission. The Journal of Flexible, Open and Distance Learning is the scholarly journal of the New Zealand Association for Open, Flexible and Distance Learning (DEANZ www.deanz.org.nz). Credit : The New Zealand Association for Open, Flexible and Distance Learning (DEANZ) http://journals.akoaotearoa.ac.nz/index.php/JOFDL/index