his paper describes the internal motivations and external drivers that led The Open University UK to enter the field of Open Educational Resources through its institution-wide OpenLearn initiative (www.open.ac.uk/openlearn). It also describes some of the emerging evidence of the impacts inside and outside the university. Through the rapid implementation and operation of the OpenLearn website, The Open University UK has been able to better understand and promote openness through open and distance learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attempts to improve retention in conventional college settings in the United States (see Barefoot article in this issue) have emphasized the importance of institutions having good information systems and appropriate interpretation of information as a means of identifying where retention is a problem and what might be causing student withdrawal, and for monitoring the impact of interventions designed to improve retention. This article describes the information on student retention collected within the Open University (UK), its interpretation, and the uses made of such information to improve student retention. Observations are made about overall retention rates and students' reasons for withdrawing, and a model for tackling courses with low retention is described. (Abstract by authors and publisher)

Attempts to improve retention in conventional college settings in the United States (see Barefoot article in this issue) have emphasized the importance of institutions having good information systems and appropriate interpretation of information as a means of identifying where retention is a problem and what might be causing student withdrawal, and for monitoring the impact of interventions designed to improve retention. This article describes the information on student retention collected within the Open University (UK), its interpretation, and the uses made of such information to improve student retention. Observations are made about overall retention rates and students' reasons for withdrawing, and a model for tackling courses with low retention is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR].

In the distance teaching institutions where e-learning initiatives are underway and where the planners and administrators grapple with effective adoption and deployment of technology-enabled education, faculty attitude and motivation assume considerable significance. Attitudinal pre-dispositions and institutional and allied barriers (including appropriate policy initiatives) are assumed to play a crucial role in making an effective shift from traditional distance education delivery to web-enabled education and training. Such issues are especially critical to single mode mega universities like the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR].

This study investigated the factor structure of motivational constructs as expressed by older adult learners and examined how these constructs correlated with selected socio-demographic characteristics at the National Open University of Taiwan (NOUT). Results were based on the responses of 371 elders to the 32-item Reasons for Participation Scale (Steele 1984). Factor analysis yielded four aspects of motivation that described themes of keeping up and fulfillment, intellectual stimulation, escape and social contact, and adjustment. Among them, intellectual stimulation appeared to be the strongest attractor while escape and social contact was least important. Meanwhile, it is suggested that gender, age, level of formal education, and employment status had no significant difference on participants' motivational disposition at NOUT. Similarities and differences between this study and past research were discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR].